NYCSEA is extremely proud to launch a journal society by students and young researchers, compiled of extraordinary research all done by student-each submission wonderfully encapsulates diversity of thought and academic excellence. We strive each year to preserve the intellectual spirit of research and we are incredibly pleased and impressed with each submission. Each submission goes through a rigorous review process. NYCSEA is highly impressed and honored by the number of submissions each publishing cycle. The student-led research is held to a particularly robust, sophisticated standard. NYCSEA looks for essays and research papers that are not only thought-provoking in subject, but also eloquently written. They are brave and innovative in concept, and attentive and careful in execution. This issue presents student-work from the US and many other countries, in a myriad of academic disciplines-from economics to the natural sciences. This submissions represent the young, intellectual mind, one that is not afraid to take risks and explore in the name of discovery. We hope our readers take delight in this issue as much as our editors have, and as much as the researchers have in their individuals endeavors. The joy of academia comes from inspirational peer review and discussion! NYCSEA strives to constantly uphold the beauty of sharing ideas and research. We are incredibly grateful for our exceptional NYCSEA editing board who dedicated time into this issue. This journal would not be possible without their guidance and expertise. NYCSEA would like to thank you for your support and passion for learning. As Editors-in-Chief of NYCSEA, we could not be more honored by these incredible bodies of research done completely by students. Please continue to enrich your knowledge through passion, questioning and discovery.
Sincerely,
Dr. A.Korn and Dr. P. Carr
Co-Editors-In-Chief