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Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common plasticizer used in manufacturing that negatively impacts human health. Bisphenol S (BPS) is a common substitute for BPA, but its structural similarity to estrogen sparks concern that it is also harmful to systems in aquatic and soil organisms. Past studies in Caenorhabditis elegans found that BPA and BPS exposure reduces fertility and affects germline formation. Mouse studies also showed that BPA exposure decreases microbiome diversity and hampers sperm cell development from stem cells. This study observed the effect of BPA and BPS exposure on C. elegans fertility. It was not consistently significant, and the expression of meiosis genes rad-54 and atl-1 was monitored over multiple generations, decreasing in the exposed generation and their offspring. Modeling stem cell growth and effects on aquatic organisms, the regeneration of brown planaria exposed to BPA and BPS was tracked. Low BPA concentrations slowed regeneration, and high BPA concentrations caused worms to disintegrate, but BPS did not have a significant impact on them. The effect of BPA and BPS exposure on the growth of microbes in the microbiome was tracked and found to be nonlethal, but BPS slowed the growth of Escherichia coli in liquid media. Based on these results, BPA and BPS affect systems in aquatic and soil organisms, suggesting further investigation.
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